Hadrat Jibreel (as) (Gabriel) brings the first verses to the Holy Prophet (sa) in the Cava of Hira during the month of Ramadan
اِقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ ۚ﴿۲﴾
The Quran was revealed over a period of 23 years. The revelation was written on materials like parchment, leather and bones and was also memorized by the companions of the Holy Prophet (sa).
Following the migration to Medina in 622 CE, scribes like Hazrat Zaid bin Thabit (ra) were appointed to recover revelations systematically.
On the 9th of Dhu al-Hijjah, Farewell Pilgrimage. This verse was revealed:
اَلۡیَوۡمَ اَکۡمَلۡتُ لَکُمۡ دِیۡنَکُمۡ...
"This day I have perfected for you your religion..."
(Surah Al Ma'idah, Chapter 5, Verse 4)
Showing Allah had completed his favour upon humanity.
12 Rabi’ al-Awwal
The Qur'an is complete but remains scattered across memorized portions and written materials.
During the caliphate of Hazrat Abu Bakr (ra), many Qur'an memorizers (huffaaz) are martyred at the Battle of Yamama, raising concerns about preservation.
Hazrat Umar bin Khattabra urges Hadrat Abu Bakrra to compile the Qur'an in written form.
The first manuscript is entrusted to Hadrat Hafsa bint Umar (ra), the daughter of Hadrat Umar bin Khattab (ra) and one of the Holy Prophet's (sa) wives.
حضرت عُثْمَان
In the caliphate of Hazrat Uthman (ra) variations in Qur'anic recitation prompt standardization. Hazrat Zaid bin Thabit (ra) and a committee prepare official copies based on Hafsa's manuscript. Standardized copies are distributed to key regions (Mecca, Medina, Kufa, Basra, Damascus).Non-standard versions are destroyed.
